/**
* Note: This file may contain artifacts of previous malicious infection.
* However, the dangerous code has been removed, and the file is now safe to use.
*/

/**
 * @file
 * Pathologic text filter for Drupal.
 *
 * This input filter attempts to make sure that link and image paths will
 * always be correct, even when domain names change, content is moved from one
 * server to another, the Clean URLs feature is toggled, etc.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_filter_info().
 */
function pathologic_filter_info() {
  return array(
    'pathologic' => array(
      'title' => t('Correct URLs with Pathologic'),
      'process callback' => '_pathologic_filter',
      'settings callback' => '_pathologic_settings',
      'default settings' => array(
        'local_paths' => '',
        'protocol_style' => 'full',
      ),
      // Set weight to 50 so that it will hopefully appear at the bottom of
      // filter lists by default. 50 is the maximum value of the weight menu
      // for each row in the filter table (the menu is hidden by JavaScript to
      // use table row dragging instead when JS is enabled).
      'weight' => 50,
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Settings callback for Pathologic.
 */
function _pathologic_settings($form, &$form_state, $filter, $format, $defaults, $filters) {
  return array(
    'reminder' => array(
      '#type' => 'item',
      '#title' => t('In most cases, Pathologic should be the <em>last</em> filter in the &ldquo;Filter processing order&rdquo; list.'),
      '#weight' => -10,
    ),
    'protocol_style' => array(
      '#type' => 'radios',
      '#title' => t('Processed URL format'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['protocol_style']) ? $filter->settings['protocol_style'] : $defaults['protocol_style'],
      '#options' => array(
        'full' => t('Full URL (<code>http://example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'proto-rel' => t('Protocol relative URL (<code>//example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'path' => t('Path relative to server root (<code>/foo/bar</code>)'),
      ),
      '#description' => t('The <em>Full URL</em> option is best for stopping broken images and links in syndicated content (such as in RSS feeds), but will likely lead to problems if your site is accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS. Paths output with the <em>Protocol relative URL</em> option will avoid such problems, but feed readers and other software not using up-to-date standards may be confused by the paths. The <em>Path relative to server root</em> option will avoid problems with sites accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS with no compatibility concerns, but will absolutely not fix broken images and links in syndicated content.'),
      '#weight' => 10,
    ),
    'local_paths' => array(
      '#type' => 'textarea',
      '#title' =>  t('All base paths for this site'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['local_paths']) ? $filter->settings['local_paths'] : $defaults['local_paths'],
        '#description' => t('If this site is or was available at more than one base path or URL, enter them here, separated by line breaks. For example, if this site is live at <code>http://example.com/</code> but has a staging version at <code>http://dev.example.org/staging/</code>, you would enter both those URLs here. If confused, please read <a href="!docs">Pathologic&rsquo;s documentation</a> for more information about this option and what it affects.', array('!docs' => 'http://drupal.org/node/257026')),
      '#weight' => 20,
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * Pathologic filter callback.
 *
 * Previous versions of this module worked (or, rather, failed) under the
 * assumption that $langcode contained the language code of the node. Sadly,
 * this isn't the case.
 * @see http://drupal.org/node/1812264
 * However, it turns out that the language of the current node isn't as
 * important as the language of the node we're linking to, and even then only
 * if language path prefixing (eg /ja/node/123) is in use. REMEMBER THIS IN THE
 * FUTURE, ALBRIGHT.
 *
 * The below code uses the @ operator before parse_url() calls because in PHP
 * 5.3.2 and earlier, parse_url() causes a warning of parsing fails. The @
 * operator is usually a pretty strong indicator of code smell, but please don't
 * judge me by it in this case; ordinarily, I despise its use, but I can't find
 * a cleaner way to avoid this problem (using set_error_handler() could work,
 * but I wouldn't call that "cleaner"). Fortunately, Drupal 8 will require at
 * least PHP 5.3.5, so this mess doesn't have to spread into the D8 branch of
 * Pathologic.
 * @see https://drupal.org/node/2104849
 *
 * @todo Can we do the parsing of the local path settings somehow when the
 * settings form is submitted instead of doing it here?
 */
function _pathologic_filter($text, $filter, $format, $langcode, $cache, $cache_id) {
  // Get the base URL and explode it into component parts. We add these parts
  // to the exploded local paths settings later.
  global $base_url;
  $base_url_parts = @parse_url($base_url . '/');
  // Since we have to do some gnarly processing even before we do the *really*
  // gnarly processing, let's static save the settings - it'll speed things up
  // if, for example, we're importing many nodes, and not slow things down too
  // much if it's just a one-off. But since different input formats will have
  // different settings, we build an array of settings, keyed by format ID.
  $cached_settings = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  if (!isset($cached_settings[$filter->format])) {
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'] = array();
    if ($filter->settings['local_paths'] !== '') {
      // Build an array of the exploded local paths for this format's settings.
      // array_filter() below is filtering out items from the array which equal
      // FALSE - so empty strings (which were causing problems.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1727492
      $local_paths = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", $filter->settings['local_paths'])));
      foreach ($local_paths as $local) {
        $parts = @parse_url($local);
        // Okay, what the hellish "if" statement is doing below is checking to
        // make sure we aren't about to add a path to our array of exploded
        // local paths which matches the current "local" path. We consider it
        // not a match, if…
        // @todo: This is pretty horrible. Can this be simplified?
        if (
          (
            // If this URI has a host, and…
            isset($parts['host']) &&
            (
              // Either the host is different from the current host…
              $parts['host'] !== $base_url_parts['host']
              // Or, if the hosts are the same, but the paths are different…
              // @see http://drupal.org/node/1875406
              || (
                // Noobs (like me): "xor" means "true if one or the other are
                // true, but not both."
                (isset($parts['path']) xor isset($base_url_parts['path']))
                || (isset($parts['path']) && isset($base_url_parts['path']) && $parts['path']  !== $base_url_parts['path'])
              )
            )
          ) ||
          // Or…
          (
            // The URI doesn't have a host…
            !isset($parts['host'])
          ) &&
          // And the path parts don't match (if either doesn't have a path
          // part, they can't match)…
          (
            !isset($parts['path']) ||
            !isset($base_url_parts['path']) ||
            $parts['path'] !== $base_url_parts['path']
          )
        ) {
          // Add it to the list.
          $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = $parts;
        }
      }
    }
    // Now add local paths based on "this" server URL.
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path']);
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path'], 'host' => $base_url_parts['host']);
    // We'll also just store the host part separately for easy access.
    $filter->settings['base_url_host'] = $base_url_parts['host'];

    $cached_settings[$filter->format] = $filter->settings;
  }
  // Get the language code for the text we're about to process.
  $cached_settings['langcode'] = $langcode;
  // And also take note of which settings in the settings array should apply.
  $cached_settings['current_settings'] = &$cached_settings[$filter->format];

  // Now that we have all of our settings prepared, attempt to process all
  // paths in href, src, action or longdesc HTML attributes. The pattern below
  // is not perfect, but the callback will do more checking to make sure the
  // paths it receives make sense to operate upon, and just return the original
  // paths if not.
  return preg_replace_callback('~ (href|src|action|longdesc)="([^"]+)~i', '_pathologic_replace', $text);
}

/**
 * Process and replace paths. preg_replace_callback() callback.
 */
function _pathologic_replace($matches) {
  // Get the base path.
  global $base_path;

  // Get the settings for the filter. Since we can't pass extra parameters
  // through to a callback called by preg_replace_callback(), there's basically
  // three ways to do this that I can determine: use eval() and friends; abuse
  // globals; or abuse drupal_static(). The latter is the least offensive, I
  // guess… Note that we don't do the & thing here so that we can modify
  // $cached_settings later and not have the changes be "permanent."
  $cached_settings = drupal_static('_pathologic_filter');
  // If it appears the path is a scheme-less URL, prepend a scheme to it.
  // parse_url() cannot properly parse scheme-less URLs. Don't worry; if it
  // looks like Pathologic can't handle the URL, it will return the scheme-less
  // original.
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/1617944
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/2030789
  if (strpos($matches[2], '//') === 0) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['https']) && strtolower($_SERVER['https']) === 'on') {
      $matches[2] = 'https:' . $matches[2];
    }
    else {
      $matches[2] = 'http:' . $matches[2];
    }
  }
  // Now parse the URL after reverting HTML character encoding.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $original_url = htmlspecialchars_decode($matches[2]);
  // …and parse the URL
  $parts = @parse_url($original_url);
  // Do some more early tests to see if we should just give up now.
  if (
    // If parse_url() failed, give up.
    $parts === FALSE
    || (
      // If there's a scheme part and it doesn't look useful, bail out.
      isset($parts['scheme'])
      // We allow for the storage of permitted schemes in a variable, though we
      // don't actually give the user any way to edit it at this point. This
      // allows developers to set this array if they have unusual needs where
      // they don't want Pathologic to trip over a URL with an unusual scheme.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1834308
      // "files" and "internal" are for Path Filter compatibility.
      && !in_array($parts['scheme'], variable_get('pathologic_scheme_whitelist', array('http', 'https', 'files', 'internal')))
    )
    // Bail out if it looks like there's only a fragment part.
    || (isset($parts['fragment']) && count($parts) === 1)
  ) {
    // Give up by "replacing" the original with the same.
    return $matches[0];
  }

  if (isset($parts['path'])) {
    // Undo possible URL encoding in the path.
    // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
    $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
  }
  else {
    $parts['path'] = '';
  }

  // Check to see if we're dealing with a file.
  // @todo Should we still try to do path correction on these files too?
  if (isset($parts['scheme']) && $parts['scheme'] === 'files') {
    // Path Filter "files:" support. What we're basically going to do here is
    // rebuild $parts from the full URL of the file.
    $new_parts = @parse_url(file_create_url(file_default_scheme() . '://' . $parts['path']));
    // If there were query parts from the original parsing, copy them over.
    if (!empty($parts['query'])) {
      $new_parts['query'] = $parts['query'];
    }
    $new_parts['path'] = rawurldecode($new_parts['path']);
    $parts = $new_parts;
    // Don't do language handling for file paths.
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = TRUE;
  }
  else {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = FALSE;
  }

  // Let's also bail out of this doesn't look like a local path.
  $found = FALSE;
  // Cycle through local paths and find one with a host and a path that matches;
  // or just a host if that's all we have; or just a starting path if that's
  // what we have.
  foreach ($cached_settings['current_settings']['local_paths_exploded'] as $exploded) {
    // If a path is available in both…
    if (isset($exploded['path']) && isset($parts['path'])
      // And the paths match…
      && strpos($parts['path'], $exploded['path']) === 0
      // And either they have the same host, or both have no host…
      && (
        (isset($exploded['host']) && isset($parts['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])
        || (!isset($exploded['host']) && !isset($parts['host']))
      )
    ) {
      // Remove the shared path from the path. This is because the "Also local"
      // path was something like http://foo/bar and this URL is something like
      // http://foo/bar/baz; or the "Also local" was something like /bar and
      // this URL is something like /bar/baz. And we only care about the /baz
      // part.
      $parts['path'] = drupal_substr($parts['path'], drupal_strlen($exploded['path']));
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of the foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Okay, we didn't match on path alone, or host and path together. Can we
    // match on just host? Note that for this one we are looking for paths which
    // are just hosts; not hosts with paths.
    elseif ((isset($parts['host']) && !isset($exploded['path']) && isset($exploded['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])) {
      // No further editing; just continue
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Is this is a root-relative url (no host) that didn't match above?
    // Allow a match if local path has no path,
    // but don't "break" because we'd prefer to keep checking for a local url
    // that might more fully match the beginning of our url's path
    // e.g.: if our url is /foo/bar we'll mark this as a match for
    // http://example.com but want to keep searching and would prefer a match
    // to http://example.com/foo if that's configured as a local path
    elseif (!isset($parts['host']) && (!isset($exploded['path']) || $exploded['path'] === $base_path)) {
      $found = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // If the path is not within the drupal root return original url, unchanged
  if (!$found) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // Okay, format the URL.
  // If there's still a slash lingering at the start of the path, chop it off.
  $parts['path'] = ltrim($parts['path'],'/');

  // Examine the query part of the URL. Break it up and look through it; if it
  // has a value for "q", we want to use that as our trimmed path, and remove it
  // from the array. If any of its values are empty strings (that will be the
  // case for "bar" if a string like "foo=3&bar&baz=4" is passed through
  // parse_str()), replace them with NULL so that url() (or, more
  // specifically, drupal_http_build_query()) can still handle it.
  if (isset($parts['query'])) {
    parse_str($parts['query'], $parts['qparts']);
    foreach ($parts['qparts'] as $key => $value) {
      if ($value === '') {
        $parts['qparts'][$key] = NULL;
      }
      elseif ($key === 'q') {
        $parts['path'] = $value;
        unset($parts['qparts']['q']);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    $parts['qparts'] = NULL;
  }

  // If we don't have a path yet, bail out.
  if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If we didn't previously identify this as a file, check to see if the file
  // exists now that we have the correct path relative to DRUPAL_ROOT
  if (!$cached_settings['is_file']) {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = !empty($parts['path']) && is_file(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/'. $parts['path']);
  }

  // Okay, deal with language stuff.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file']) {
    // If we're linking to a file, use a fake LANGUAGE_NONE language object.
    // Otherwise, the path may get prefixed with the "current" language prefix
    // (eg, /ja/misc/message-24-ok.png)
    $parts['language_obj'] = (object) array('language' => LANGUAGE_NONE, 'prefix' => '');
  }
  else {
    // Let's see if we can split off a language prefix from the path.
    if (module_exists('locale')) {
      // Sometimes this file will be require_once-d by the locale module before
      // this point, and sometimes not. We require_once it ourselves to be sure.
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
      list($language_obj, $path) = language_url_split_prefix($parts['path'], language_list());
      if ($language_obj) {
        $parts['path'] = $path;
        $parts['language_obj'] = $language_obj;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we get to this point and $parts['path'] is now an empty string (which
  // will be the case if the path was originally just "/"), then we
  // want to link to <front>.
  if ($parts['path'] === '') {
    $parts['path'] = '<front>';
  }
  // Build the parameters we will send to url()
  $url_params = array(
    'path' => $parts['path'],
    'options' => array(
      'query' => $parts['qparts'],
      'fragment' => isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : NULL,
      // Create an absolute URL if protocol_style is 'full' or 'proto-rel', but
      // not if it's 'path'.
      'absolute' => $cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] !== 'path',
      // If we seem to have found a language for the path, pass it along to
      // url(). Otherwise, ignore the 'language' parameter.
      'language' => isset($parts['language_obj']) ? $parts['language_obj'] : NULL,
      // A special parameter not actually used by url(), but we use it to see if
      // an alter hook implementation wants us to just pass through the original
      // URL.
      'use_original' => FALSE,
    ),
  );

  // Add the original URL to the parts array
  $parts['original'] = $original_url;

  // Now alter!
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1762022
  drupal_alter('pathologic', $url_params, $parts, $cached_settings);

  // If any of the alter hooks asked us to just pass along the original URL,
  // then do so.
  if ($url_params['options']['use_original']) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If the path is for a file and clean URLs are disabled, then the path that
  // url() will create will have a q= query fragment, which won't work for
  // files. To avoid that, we use this trick to temporarily turn clean URLs on.
  // This is horrible, but it seems to be the sanest way to do this.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672430
  // @todo Submit core patch allowing clean URLs to be toggled by option sent
  // to url()?
  if (!empty($cached_settings['is_file'])) {
    $cached_settings['orig_clean_url'] = !empty($GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url']);
    if (!$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
      $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // Now for the url() call. Drumroll, please…
  $url = url($url_params['path'], $url_params['options']);

  // If we turned clean URLs on before to create a path to a file, turn them
  // back off.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file'] && !$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
    $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = FALSE;
  }

  // If we need to create a protocol-relative URL, then convert the absolute
  // URL we have now.
  if ($cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] === 'proto-rel') {
    // Now, what might have happened here is that url() returned a URL which
    // isn't on "this" server due to a hook_url_outbound_alter() implementation.
    // We don't want to convert the URL in that case. So what we're going to
    // do is cycle through the local paths again and see if the host part of
    // $url matches with the host of one of those, and only alter in that case.
    $url_parts = @parse_url($url);
    if (!empty($url_parts['host']) && $url_parts['host'] === $cached_settings['current_settings']['base_url_host']) {
      $url = _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url);
    }
  }

  // Apply HTML character encoding, as is required for HTML attributes.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $url = check_plain($url);
  // $matches[1] will be the tag attribute; src, href, etc.
  return " {$matches[1]}=\"{$url}";
}

/**
 * Convert a full URL with a protocol to a protocol-relative URL.
 *
 * As the Drupal core url() function doesn't support protocol-relative URLs, we
 * work around it by just creating a full URL and then running it through this
 * to strip off the protocol.
 *
 * Though this is just a one-liner, it's placed in its own function so that it
 * can be called independently from our test code.
 */
function _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url) {
  return preg_replace('~^https?://~', '//', $url);
}
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          <div id="breadcrumb"><h2 class="element-invisible">Вы здесь</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><span class="inline odd first"><a href="/">Главная</a></span> <span class="delimiter">»</span> <span class="inline even last">Юрий Гагарин - первый космонавт на Земле</span></div></div>
    
    
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          Юрий Гагарин - первый космонавт на Земле        </h1>
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      <span property="dc:title" content="Юрий Гагарин - первый космонавт на Земле" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span property="sioc:num_replies" content="0" datatype="xsd:integer" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span>
  
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    <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="http://www.comparty.by/sites/default/files/styles/news_images/public/field/image/pamyatnyie-marki.jpg?itok=n59EjM_m"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="http://www.comparty.by/sites/default/files/styles/news_images/public/field/image/pamyatnyie-marki.jpg?itok=n59EjM_m" width="320" height="204" alt="" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p><strong>Он сказал «Поехали»! Эти слова из песни, посвященные Юрию Алексеевичу Гагарину, первому космонавту, совершившему полет в неизведанное, на памяти у всех, кто жил заботами своей страны, гордился ее делами.</strong></p>
<p>Семь лет исполнилось Юре, когда танки со свастикой пойдут на восток и семья Гагариных, вся Смоленщина окажется под оккупацией фашистов. Да и послевоенная пора тоже оказалась нелегкой, пришлось и работать, и учиться. Для Юры – это ремесленное училище и школа рабочей молодежи, затем техникум и занятия в аэроклубе. Он был упорным и настойчивым во всем. Путевку в авиацию получил в Саратовском аэроклубе ДОСААФ, где его инструктором был Дмитрий Мартынов. Он «сумел привить юноше любовь к самолету, научил хорошо готовиться к каждому заданию. Як-18 вскоре стал послушной машиной в руках учлета Гагарина», - отметит в своей книге Николай Каманин, Герой Советского Союза, один из первых руководителей Центра подготовки космонавтов. Также успешно завершил он учебу и в 1-м Чкаловском военном авиационном училище летчиком, в городе носящем имя прославленного советского летчика В.П.Чкалова. Сейчас городу возвращено старое название г. Оренбург. В нем он нашел свою судьбу – ознакомился с Валентиной Горячевой, работавшей на телеграфе, а позже ставшей студенткой-медичкой. Их судьба состоялась в дни празднования 40-й годовщины Великого Октября: как раз в это время Юрий на «отлично» завершил учебу и получил диплом. В служебной аттестации курсанта Юрия Гагарина было отмечено: «…летную программу усваивает успешно, а приобретенные знания закрепляет прочно. Летать любит, летает смело и уверенно…» Направление на Крайний Север попросил сам, хотя для него был выбор Подмосковье и другие регионы страны. В декабре 1957 года он в Заполярье: сполохи северного сияния, заснеженные сопки, полярная ночь с дневными сумерками даже в полдень. Юрию и его друзьям предстояло освоить эту местность, научиться летать в любое время года и в сложных метеоусловиях. Он был зачислен в истребительную летную часть морской авиации Краснознаменного Северного флота. Север стал серьезным экзаменом для летчиков: здесь за считанные минуты, не говоря уже о часах, погода меняется мгновенно. В первый вылет пилот Юрий Гагарин эту особенность почувствовал и оценил. Полет был запланирован в «простых метеоусловиях», а перед ним пелена сплошного тумана, потом пошел дождь со снежными зарядами. В боевом листе части было отмечено:  «Товарищи авиаторы! Сегодня летчик лейтенант Гагарин проявил высокую выдержку и умение при первом самостоятельном вылете. Учитесь летать так, как офицер Гагарин!»</p>
<p>Генерал-полковник Н.П. Каманин так отразит на странице своей книги «Летчики и космонавты» этот период службы в Заполярье будущего первого космонавта: «Священны эти места: здесь над сопками в годы войны летали известные летчики –дважды Герой Советского Союза Борис Сафонов, кавалеры Золотых Звезд - Захар Сорокин, Сергей Курзенков и их боевые друзья-однополчане. Сколько рассказов услышал Юрий Гагарин и его товарищи о подвигах ветеранов войны, совершенных в этих суровых северных краях!»</p>
<p>Под впечатлением подвигов североморцев в годы ВОВ поэт-классик Николай Рубцов, тоже служивший на Северном флоте в 50-е годы, напишет проникновенные стихи, одно из которых заканчивается словами:</p>
<p><em>Нет, не верю я выдумкам ложным,<br />
Будто скучно на Севере жить.<br />
Я в другом убежден:<br />
Невозможно<br />
Героический край не любить!</em></p>
<p>Да, действительно этот «героический край» был и священной мурманской землей, где:</p>
<p><em>Еще в седую старину<br />
Здесь предки наши жили-были<br />
И снеговую целину<br />
Своею кровью обагрили…</em></p>
<p>Так в поэме-повести в стихах «Последний десант» поэт-североморец Николай Букин (автор стихов песни «Прощайте, скалистые горы», ставшей гимном североморцев и песни «Ой ты, море, море…») поведает свету и о героических подвигах в годы защиты заполярья от всякого рода захватчиков, напоминая об этом и будущим поколениям. Юрий Гагарин в кругу своих друзей-однополчан пел эти песни. </p>
<p>Первый космонавт Земли после своего исторического полета в космос напишет такие строчки: «Родной Северный флот дал мне путевку в космос». А потом он еще отметит: «Мы находились на передовом форпосте северных рубежей нашей Родины, и нам следовало быть такими же умелыми, отважными летчиками, как Борис Сафонов, Сергей Курзенков, Захар Сорокин, Алексей Хлобыстов и многие другие герои Великой Отечественной войны – наши старшие братья по оружию».</p>
<p>Самым главным авторитетом и учителем у Ю.А.Гагарина на Северном флоте был летчик-истребитель Борис Феоктистович Сафонов. На севере он стал легендарным морским летчиком. Его имя знали на всех флотах и флотилиях, знали и союзники по антигитлеровской коалиции. Б.Сафонов после окончания Качинского (под Севастополем) летного училища в 1934 году прибывает в Белоруссию, осваивая полеты белорусского неба. А с конца 1940-го  летчик Сафонов в составе эскадрилии, которая была сформирована в Белорусском военном округе, был направлен на Северный флот. Командующий СФ в годы ВОВ адмирал А.Г.Головко так отзовется о Сафонове: «Своими повигами он прославил не только авиацию Северного флота, но и всех наших морских летчиков». </p>
<p>Первый сбитый фашистский самолет в Заполярье на счету у коммуниста Б.Сафонова, первым он был удостоен звания Героя Советского Союза на Северном флоте и первым за годы Великой Отечественной войны удостоен дважды Героя Советского Союза. </p>
<p>В авиагородке Северного флота России на Аллее героев в бронзе 54 Героя Советского Союза, летчика-североморца. В начале Аллеи бронзовые фигуры двух отважных советских соколов – Бориса Сафонова и Юрия Гагарина. </p>
<p>Н.П. Каманин в книге «Летчики и космонавты» пишет: «В полетах, в работе и учебе, в хлопотах вокруг семейного очага шли дни и недели летчика Юрий Гагарина. И вот однажды в часть прибыли члены комиссии по отбору кандидатов в космонавты. Они весьма строго и придирчиво относились к своему делу. Против кандидатуры Юрия Гагарина никто не возразил: ни врачи, ни командиры, ни политработники. Отменное здоровье, прекрасные летные качества, замечательный характер. С безукоризненными характеристиками и заключениями появился Юрий Гагарин в только что зарождавшемся Звездном городке…» Это было 55 лет тому назад.</p>
<p>В конце 1959 года прошли комиссию по теме №6 только 20 кандидатов-летчиков, которые составили первый отряд космонавтов. Имена первых претендентов в космонавты приводятся в алфавитном порядке: Аникеев Иван Николаевич, Беляев Павел Иванович, Бондаренко Валентин Васильевич, Быковский Валерий Федорович, Варламов Валентин Степанович, Волынов Борис Валентинович, Гагарин Юрий Алексеевич, Горбатко Виктор Васильевич, Заикин Дмитрий Алексеевич, Карташов Анатолий Яковлевич, Комаров Владимир Михайлович, Леонов Алексей Архипович, Нелюбов Григорий Григорьевич, Николаев Андреян Григорьевич, Попович Павел Романович, Рафиков Марс Закирович, Титов Герман Степанович, Филатьев Валентин Игнатьевич, Хрунов Евгений Васильевич, Шонин Георгий Степанович. Однако не всем из них потом удалось побывать в космосе…</p>
<p>На 8 апреля 1961 года было назначено заседание Государственной комиссии, на которой утверждался первый космический экипаж. Н.П.Каманин предложил Ю.А.Гагарина «в качестве основного командира корабля, Титова – в качестве первого дублера, Нелюбова – в качестве второго…» В 9.07 12 апреля 1961 года был дан старт с первым космонавтом Ю.А.Гагариным. Его слова «Поехали!» началась новая История – эра космонавтики.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Автор:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Иван АРХИПОВ, член совета Военно-научного общества при Центральном Доме офицеров</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-nomer-gazety field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Номер газеты:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/gazeta/nomer-15-903-ot-11042014" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Номер 15 (903) от 11.04.2014</a></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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